Powering Up: A Beginner’s Guide to Using Your RV Generator

Powering Up: A Beginner’s Guide to Using Your RV Generator

The open road calls, offering freedom, adventure, and breathtaking scenery. But sometimes, that perfect spot under the stars, or that convenient rest stop, doesn’t come with power hookups. This is where your RV generator becomes your best friend – your portable power plant, ready to keep the lights on, the fridge cold, and even the air conditioner humming.

For many new RVers, the generator can seem like a mysterious, noisy box. But understanding and operating it is a fundamental skill that unlocks true off-grid independence. This guide is designed to demystify your RV generator, helping you use it confidently and safely.

What is an RV Generator and Why Do You Need One?

Simply put, an RV generator is an engine that burns fuel (gasoline, diesel, or propane) to produce electricity. This electricity powers the outlets and appliances in your RV, just like being plugged into shore power at a campground.

Why do you need one?

• Boondocking/Dry Camping: When you’re camped without external hookups, a generator is essential for running anything beyond basic 12V battery power (lights, water pump, furnace fan).
• Travel Days: Keep your refrigerator running efficiently while driving or parked for lunch without draining your battery.
• Rest Stops: Need to make coffee, run the microwave, or even use the air conditioner for a quick break? A generator provides the power.
• Power Outages: If camping where power is unreliable, your generator offers backup.
• Battery Charging: Generators quickly recharge your RV’s house batteries via the built-in converter/charger.

RV generators typically come in two main types:

1. Built-in (Onboard) Generators: Permanently installed in a compartment on the RV. They are usually larger, more powerful, and designed to integrate seamlessly with the RV’s power system. Often start with a switch inside the RV.
2. Portable Generators: Separate units that you carry with you. They offer flexibility (you can place them away from the RV to reduce noise) and can be used for other purposes. Portable RV generators are often "inverter" types, which are quieter and produce cleaner power suitable for sensitive electronics.

This guide will cover the basics applicable to most RV generators, with specific notes where built-in and portable units differ.

Getting Started: Your Pre-Check Routine

Before you even think about starting your generator, a quick pre-check is crucial for reliable operation and longevity. Make this a habit every time you plan to use it:

1. Fuel Level: Ensure the generator has enough fuel. Built-in gasoline generators draw from the RV’s main fuel tank (usually won’t run if the tank is below 1/4 full to prevent you from running out of driving fuel). Portable generators have their own tank. Propane generators draw from the RV’s propane tanks.
2. Oil Level: Just like your vehicle’s engine, generators need proper oil levels. Check the dipstick and add oil if necessary. Low oil is a common cause of generators failing to start or shutting off prematurely (they have low-oil sensors). Consult your generator’s manual for the correct oil type and capacity.
3. Ventilation: Ensure the generator’s exhaust is clear and pointed away from the RV, other campers, windows, doors, or vents. Carbon Monoxide (CO) is deadly and odorless. Ensure your RV’s CO detector is working.
4. Clear the Area: Remove any objects around the generator that could obstruct airflow or pose a fire hazard.
5. Load Check (Optional but Recommended): Before starting, ensure high-draw appliances (like the air conditioner, microwave, electric water heater element) are turned off inside the RV. This prevents overloading the generator during startup.

Starting Your RV Generator

The process varies slightly depending on whether you have a built-in or portable unit. Always consult your specific generator’s owner’s manual – it is your ultimate authority.

• Built-in Generators:

  • Typically started from a switch inside the RV (often near the main power panel or entry door).
  • Some have a "prime" function – holding the stop or start switch in a specific position for a few seconds before starting. This helps get fuel to the engine after it’s been sitting. Check your manual!
  • Hold the "start" button until the engine catches. It might take a few tries, especially if it hasn’t been run recently.
  • Once started, let it run for a minute or two before putting a significant load on it.

• Portable Generators:

  • Place the generator on a firm, level surface outdoors, away from the RV.
  • Ensure fuel valve/cap is open (if applicable).
  • Check the oil.
  • Set the choke (if it’s a cold start, usually needed; refer to manual).
  • Turn the ignition switch to the "on" position.
  • Pull the recoil start cord firmly, or press the electric start button.
  • Once running, gradually move the choke lever to the "run" position as the engine warms up.
  • Let it warm up for a minute or two before connecting the RV.

Connecting to Your RV’s Power System

• Built-in Generators: These are automatically connected via a device called an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS). When the generator is running and producing stable power, the ATS detects it and automatically switches the RV’s electrical system from "shore power" (or no power) to "generator power." There’s nothing you need to plug in externally.
• Portable Generators: You will need to plug your RV’s main shore power cord directly into the generator’s appropriate outlet (usually a 30A or 50A twist-lock receptacle matching your RV’s plug). This bypasses the ATS if you have one, or simply provides power to your RV’s electrical panel like a shore power pedestal would.

Using Your Appliances: Managing the Load

Generators have a limited power output, measured in watts (W). Your RV’s appliances also have watt ratings (often listed on the appliance or in its manual). The key to successful generator use is load management – not asking the generator to provide more power than it can produce.

• Know Your Generator’s Capacity: Look for the running (or continuous) watt rating. Common sizes for RVs range from 3000W to 6000W or more.
• Know Your Appliance Draw: High-draw appliances include:

  • Air Conditioner(s): 1500-2500+ W each
  • Microwave: 1000-1500+ W
  • Electric Water Heater Element: 1000-1500+ W
  • Hair Dryer/Electric Heater: 1000-1500+ W
  • Coffee Maker: 800-1200 W

• Stagger Appliance Use: Do not turn on multiple high-draw appliances simultaneously. Start the AC first (it has a high starting surge, but lower running watts), wait for it to stabilize, then maybe use the microwave briefly. Avoid running the microwave while the AC is cycling on, for example.
• Listen to Your Generator: If the generator sounds strained, struggles, or the engine note dips significantly when you turn something on, you are approaching or exceeding its capacity. Turn off an appliance.
• Circuit Breakers: Generators have their own circuit breakers. If you overload the generator, its breaker may trip (not your RV’s), cutting power output. You’ll need to reduce the load and reset the breaker on the generator itself.

Essential Maintenance for Longevity

Generators, especially built-in ones, require maintenance to run reliably. Again, refer to your manual for the specific schedule and procedures.

• Regular Running: This is crucial! Run your generator under a significant load (like the AC) for at least 30-60 minutes monthly. This prevents fuel system issues (like clogged carburetors from old fuel), lubricates seals, and keeps the unit healthy.
• Oil Changes: Follow the recommended schedule (usually based on hours of operation). Dirty oil is a generator killer.
• Air Filter: Check and clean or replace as needed.
• Spark Plug: Inspect and replace periodically.
• Fuel Stabilizer: If you store the RV (and generator) for extended periods, use a fuel stabilizer in the tank it draws from to prevent fuel degradation.

Safety First! Crucial Rules for Generator Use

Safety is paramount when operating a generator.

• Carbon Monoxide (CO) Kills: Generator exhaust contains CO. Never run a generator in an enclosed space. Ensure exhaust is directed well away from all living spaces (yours and your neighbors’). Be extra cautious in still air or when parked close to others. Have working CO detectors in your RV and test them regularly.
• Noise: Generators are loud. Be considerate of others, especially in campgrounds with rules about quiet hours. Use generator enclosures or place portable units as far away as safely possible (while maintaining proper ventilation).
• Fueling: Always turn the generator OFF and let it cool before refueling. Avoid spilling fuel. Do not smoke near refueling or operating generators.
• Weather: Do not operate generators in rain or snow unless they are specifically designed and protected for it. Ensure adequate ventilation is maintained regardless of weather.
• Security: Portable generators are tempting targets for theft. Use cables and locks to secure them.
• Electrical Safety: Ensure your RV’s shore cord and the generator’s outlets are in good condition.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

• Generator Won’t Start: Check fuel level, oil level, spark plug connection, choke setting (if applicable). Is the fuel valve open? Is the battery charged (for electric start)? Has the monthly exercise been skipped?
• Generator Starts But Shuts Off: Check oil level (most common reason), fuel supply, or potential overload.
• Generator Running, But No Power in RV: Check the generator’s circuit breaker. For built-in units, listen for the "clunk" of the automatic transfer switch engaging a minute or two after startup. If you hear the clunk and still no power, check your RV’s main breaker.

For any persistent issues, consult your generator’s manual or seek assistance from a qualified RV technician.

FAQs

• How much fuel does a generator use? This varies greatly by size and load. A typical 4000W generator might use 0.5 to 1 gallon of gasoline per hour depending on how many appliances are running.
• How long can I run my generator continuously? While generators are designed for extended use, it’s not advisable to run them for days straight without checking fuel, oil, and allowing for cool-down periods, especially in hot weather. Most can run for many hours on a tank of fuel under load, but check your manual.
• Can I run my air conditioner with my generator? Yes, if your generator is sized correctly for your AC unit(s). A single RV AC usually requires at least a 3000-3500W generator. Two ACs require significantly more power (often 5000W+).
• What’s the difference between a "conventional" and an "inverter" generator? Inverter generators use advanced electronics to produce very stable, clean power that is safer for sensitive electronics like laptops and TVs. They are also typically much quieter and more fuel-efficient at lower loads than conventional generators.
• My built-in generator hasn’t been used in months. What should I do before starting? Check fuel and oil, ensure good ventilation, and be prepared for it to take a few starting attempts. Holding the prime function (if available) is a good idea. Running it under load for an hour after starting is essential maintenance.
• My portable generator says "ECO Mode." What is that? ECO mode (or idle control) automatically adjusts the engine speed based on the load. This saves fuel and reduces noise when you’re only running a few items. Turn it off when starting high-draw appliances like the AC to allow the engine to rev up before the load hits.

Conclusion

Your RV generator is a powerful tool that significantly expands your RVing possibilities. By understanding its basic operation, performing simple pre-checks and maintenance, and prioritizing safety above all else (especially Carbon Monoxide!), you can confidently use your generator to power your adventures wherever you roam. Don’t let the thought of using it intimidate you. Start with the basics, practice starting it, manage your electrical load wisely, and always keep that owner’s manual handy. Happy and powerfully-charged travels!