RV Generator 101: Everything You Need to Know to Get Started

RV Generator 101: Everything You Need to Know to Get Started

The open road calls. You’ve got your RV packed, your route planned, and a sense of adventure bubbling up. But what happens when the paved roads end, the developed campgrounds fade away, and you find yourself surrounded by nothing but nature’s beauty? This is where the true freedom of RVing shines – the ability to boondock, dry camp, or simply pull over for the night wherever it’s allowed. But how do you keep the lights on, the fridge cold, and perhaps even run the air conditioner without being plugged into shore power? Enter the RV generator.

For many newcomers to the RV lifestyle, generators can seem a bit mysterious, maybe even intimidating. But understanding the basics is essential for unlocking the full potential of your RV. This guide is your "Generator 101," covering everything you need to know to get started confidently.

Why Do You Need an RV Generator?

Simply put, an RV generator provides electrical power when you don’t have access to a standard electrical hookup (shore power). While many modern RVs have batteries and solar panels, generators offer a reliable way to:

1. Run High-Wattage Appliances: Think air conditioners, microwaves, hair dryers, coffee makers, toasters, and electric heaters. These items typically draw too much power for your battery bank or small solar setup alone.
2. Charge Your Batteries Quickly: If your batteries are depleted and solar isn’t cutting it (due to weather or time of day), a generator can rapidly recharge them via your RV’s converter/charger.
3. Power Everything Simultaneously: Unlike rationing power from batteries, a generator often allows you to use multiple appliances at once, just like being plugged in.
4. Provide Backup Power: Handy for emergencies, unexpected stops, or when campground hookups are unavailable or malfunction.

If your idea of RVing includes anything beyond staying exclusively at full-hookup campgrounds, a generator is likely on your essential equipment list.

Types of RV Generators

RV generators generally fall into two main categories based on how they’re installed and their core technology:

1. Built-in (Onboard) Generators:

   • These generators are permanently installed in a dedicated compartment on your RV. They are often designed to run off the RV’s main fuel tank (gasoline, propane, or diesel).
   • Pros: Convenient (always with you), integrated starting (often from inside the RV), theft deterrent (they’re built-in), quieter operation than many conventional portables due to housing and design.
   • Cons: Fixed location (can’t move it for noise or fumes), maintenance often requires professional help or specific access, tend to be more expensive upfront.

2. Portable Generators:

   • These are standalone units that you carry with you and set up outside the RV when needed.
   • Pros: Versatile (can be used elsewhere), often less expensive than built-in units, can be moved away from the RV for noise reduction, easier to service or replace. Many portable units are "inverter" type (see below), offering cleaner power and quieter operation.
   • Cons: Require storage space, need to be manually set up and connected, risk of theft if left unattended, fuel source is separate (requires carrying gasoline cans, propane tanks, etc.).

Generator Technology: Conventional vs. Inverter

This is perhaps the most important distinction, especially for modern RVers:

1. Conventional Generators:

   • These use an engine directly connected to an alternator that spins at a constant speed (typically 3600 RPM) to produce power (usually 60Hz AC).
   • Pros: Generally the least expensive option for a given wattage.
   • Cons: Produce "dirty" power (voltage and frequency fluctuations), which can be harmful or cause malfunctions in sensitive electronics like laptops, smart TVs, and modern appliances with microprocessors. They are also typically much louder than inverter generators and less fuel-efficient as they always run at full speed regardless of load.

2. Inverter Generators:

   • These generators use advanced electronic components. The engine produces AC power, which is then converted to DC power, and then inverted back into clean, stable AC power (a pure sine wave). The engine speed can also adjust based on the power demand.
   • Pros: Produce "clean" power (stable voltage and frequency), making them safe for all electronics. Significantly quieter than conventional generators (engine speed adapts to load). Much more fuel-efficient at lower loads. Often lighter and more compact (especially portable units).
   • Cons: More expensive than conventional generators of similar wattage.

For RVers, especially those with modern electronics, an inverter generator (whether built-in or portable) is highly recommended.

Sizing Your Generator: How Much Power Do You Need?

Choosing the right size generator is crucial. Too small, and it won’t run your appliances; too large, and you’ve overspent and are carrying extra weight. Generator size is measured in watts. There are two types of wattage to consider:

1. Starting (Surge) Watts: The brief burst of power needed to start motors (like those in air conditioners, refrigerators, or microwaves). This surge can be 2-3 times the running wattage.
2. Running (Continuous) Watts: The power an appliance needs to operate continuously after starting.

To size your generator:

• List your essential appliances: Which items MUST you be able to run simultaneously? (e.g., AC, fridge, lights, phone charger).
• Find their wattage: Check appliance labels or manuals. Manufacturers list both running and sometimes starting watts.
• Calculate your total running watts: Add up the running watts of the appliances you might use at the same time.
• Identify your highest starting watt requirement: Find the appliance on your list with the highest starting wattage.
• Estimate your minimum generator size: Add your total running watts to the highest single starting wattage requirement. This gives you a rough minimum needed. Example: Running watts = 1500W. Highest starting appliance (AC) needs 2000W peak. Minimum generator size = 1500W + (2000W – AC Running Watts, say 1500W) = 2000W. Or more simply, your generator needs enough running watts for everything except the highest starting appliance, and enough starting watts to kick that one appliance on.
• Add a buffer: It’s wise to choose a generator with 10-20% more capacity than your calculation to avoid overworking it.

Typical Needs:

• Small RV (lights, fan, charging): 1000-2000 watts
• Medium RV (microwave, fridge, limited AC): 2000-3500 watts
• Large RV (multiple ACs, all amenities): 3500-6000+ watts

If you want to run a single RV air conditioner (often the biggest power draw), you’ll typically need a generator with at least 2800-3500 starting watts, depending on the AC unit’s size and efficiency. Many portable inverter generators offer "parallel capability," allowing you to link two smaller units together to double your power output when needed, offering flexibility.

Fuel Types

RV generators commonly use one of three fuel types:

• Gasoline: Most portable generators run on gasoline. Widely available, but less fuel-efficient than diesel and requires carrying separate fuel cans if not plumbed into the RV tank.
• Propane: Some built-in and portable generators use propane (LPG). Burns cleaner than gasoline, can often tap into the RV’s existing propane tanks. However, propane is less energy-dense than gasoline, meaning you’ll use more fuel per hour for the same power output. Performance can also decrease in cold weather.
• Diesel: Primarily used in large Class A diesel pusher RVs with built-in generators. They run off the main diesel fuel tank, offering convenience and excellent fuel efficiency. Diesel generators are typically the most expensive.

Key Features and Considerations

Beyond wattage and type, consider:

• Noise Level: Measured in decibels (dB). Lower dB means quieter operation. Look for ratings taken at a specific distance (e.g., 59 dB at 23 feet). Inverter generators are significantly quieter than conventional ones.
• Weight & Portability: For portable units, how easy is it to lift and move?
• Start Type: Manual recoil pull-start or electric start (push button, sometimes with remote).
• Fuel Tank Size/Run Time: How long will it run on a tank of fuel at a given load?
• Outlets: Does it have the necessary outlets for your RV (usually 30A or 50A RV receptacle)?
• Safety Features: Low-oil shutoff, overload protection.

Using Your RV Generator Safely

Safety is paramount when operating a generator.

• Carbon Monoxide (CO): Generators produce deadly carbon monoxide gas. NEVER run a generator in an enclosed space, including inside your RV, or near windows, doors, or vents where fumes could enter. Ensure you have working carbon monoxide detectors in your RV and test them regularly.
• Placement: Always run generators outdoors in a well-ventilated area, away from your RV and anyone else’s, and ideally downwind.
• Ventilation: Ensure exhaust is directed away from people and structures.
• Fueling: Turn the generator off and let it cool completely before refueling. Gasoline and hot engines are a dangerous combination.
• Grounding: While many modern inverter generators with plastic casings are considered "double-insulated" and don’t explicitly require grounding for electrical safety in the same way older conventional generators do, check your manual. If grounding is recommended or required, follow the instructions carefully (usually involves a grounding rod).
• Connection: Use appropriate, heavy-duty power cords designed for the load and length required.
• Local Regulations: Be aware of noise ordinances or generator run-time restrictions in campgrounds or public lands. Many places prohibit generator use during "quiet hours" (often evening/overnight).

Basic Maintenance

Keep your generator running smoothly with simple maintenance:

• Check Oil: Before each use, check the oil level and top off if needed.
• Oil Changes: Follow the manufacturer’s recommended schedule (often based on hours of use).
• Air Filter: Clean or replace the air filter regularly.
• Spark Plug: Inspect and replace the spark plug as needed.
• Fuel Stabilizer: Use fuel stabilizer if storing the generator for more than a few weeks to prevent fuel degradation.
• Run It Periodically: Even if you don’t use it often, run your generator for 20-30 minutes under a load every month or two to keep the carburetor clean and parts lubricated.

FAQs

Q: Can a generator run my RV air conditioner?
A: Yes, but only if the generator is sized correctly. AC units have a high starting wattage, so you’ll typically need a generator with at least 2800-3500 starting watts, depending on the size (BTUs) of your AC.

Q: How long can I run my generator?
A: This depends on the generator’s fuel tank size and the electrical load it’s powering. Check the manufacturer’s specifications. However, it’s generally not recommended to run generators 24/7. Also, be mindful of noise regulations in campgrounds or boondocking areas.

Q: Are generators allowed everywhere?
A: No. Many developed campgrounds have specific generator hours (often prohibiting use overnight). Some wilderness areas or national parks have strict regulations or prohibit them entirely. Always check the rules for your specific location.

Q: What’s the difference between "clean" and "dirty" power?
A: "Clean" power (from inverter generators) has a stable voltage and frequency (pure sine wave), safe for sensitive electronics. "Dirty" power (from conventional generators) has fluctuations that can potentially harm or cause issues with devices like laptops, smartphones, and modern appliance control boards.

Q: Should I get an inverter or conventional generator for my RV?
A: For most RVers, especially those with modern electronics, an inverter generator is the better choice due to its clean power output, quieter operation, and better fuel efficiency. While more expensive initially, the benefits often outweigh the cost difference.

Q: What’s "parallel capability" on portable generators?
A: This feature allows you to connect two identical (or sometimes specific compatible) smaller inverter generators together with a special cable to double your available power output. This is great if you sometimes need less power (use one) and sometimes need a lot (link them for AC).

Conclusion

Understanding RV generators is a key step towards enjoying the incredible freedom and flexibility the RV lifestyle offers. They are your portable power station, enabling you to venture beyond the grid and still enjoy the comforts of home.

By knowing the different types, how to size one for your needs, prioritizing safety during operation, and performing basic maintenance, you can confidently incorporate a generator into your RV adventures. Don’t let the thought of off-grid power scare you; with the right knowledge and equipment, you can chase the sunsets, explore remote landscapes, and create unforgettable memories, all while keeping the lights on.